餘熱回收原理的電廠節能降耗技術分析介紹
餘熱回收技術是電廠節能減排的主要組成部分，也是實現我國資源和能源可持續發展的關鍵。目前熱電廠餘熱回收guochengzhongcaiyongdemoshiyoubeiyashihetiaojiechouqishiliangzhong，qianzhegongzuoguochengzhongbuxuyaolengningqi，houzhezexuyaocaiyonglengningqi。wenzhangzhuyaoyitiaojiechouqishiyurehuishoumoshiweili，jieshaoledianchangyurehuishoumoshidegongzuoyuanliyijiyoushu，weidianchangyurehuishoujishudeyingyongtigonglecankaoyijianhejianyi。
隨著我國經濟的發展和社會環境的不斷惡化，當今社會對_的要求越來越高。特別是對於電廠，如何采用_的de技ji術shu實shi現xian其qi能neng源yuan利li用yong效xiao率lv的de提ti升sheng和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran程cheng度du的de降jiang低di是shi其qi未wei來lai發fa展zhan過guo程cheng中zhong首shou要yao解jie決jue的de問wen題ti。傳chuan統tong情qing況kuang下xia電dian廠chang產chan生sheng的de餘yu熱re直zhi接jie被bei排pai放fang到dao大da氣qi中zhong，引yin發fa了le一yi係xi列lie的de能neng源yuan浪lang費fei和he環huan境jing汙wu染ran問wen題ti，同tong時shi也ye導dao致zhi電dian廠chang中zhong餘yu熱re的de利li用yong效xiao率lv較jiao低di，因yin此ci下xia麵mian我wo們men_電廠餘熱的回收技術進行探討。
1餘yu熱re回hui收shou模mo式shi目mu前qian電dian廠chang餘yu熱re常chang用yong的de回hui收shou方fang式shi主zhu要yao有you背bei壓ya式shi和he調tiao節jie抽chou氣qi式shi兩liang種zhong，其qi中zhong前qian者zhe是shi將jiang電dian廠chang發fa電dian產chan生sheng的de餘yu熱re通tong過guo熱re電dian聯lian產chan的de方fang式shi為wei居ju民min區qu實shi現xian供gong暖nuan。通tong過guo情qing況kuang下xia電dian廠chang排pai放fang氣qi體ti的de溫wen度du_過了106°，jiangqijingguogongnuanxitonglengquehoudedaodelengningshuizhongxintongguoshoujifanhuidaodianchangguolu。yurehuishouguochengzhongmeiyoucaiyongningqiqi，jiangdileyurehuishouguochengzhongnengliangdeercixiaohao。danshiyouyudianchangchanshengqitideshusongxianlujiaochang，qitizaichuanshuguochengzhongdenengliangsunshiqingkuangfeichangyanzhong，daozhiqireliangliyonglvyibanchuyu70%左右。後者在使用過程中采用了汽輪機，其中高壓缸中的氣體的溫度達到了138°C以上。氣體從高壓缸中排出之後，一方麵可以通過供熱管道為居民生活提供熱力供應;另ling一yi方fang麵mian可ke以yi直zhi接jie傳chuan輸shu到dao低di壓ya缸gang，利li用yong其qi餘yu熱re推tui動dong汽qi輪lun機ji工gong作zuo。氣qi體ti溫wen度du降jiang低di之zhi後hou，得de到dao冷leng凝ning水shui，通tong過guo凝ning汽qi器qi流liu出chu。雖sui然ran後hou者zhe熱re電dian聯lian產chan供gong電dian模mo式shi使shi用yong了le冷leng凝ning器qi設she備bei，導dao致zhi熱re電dian循xun環huan熱re的de利li用yong效xiao率lv比bi背bei壓ya式shi要yao低di，但dan是shi該gai方fang式shi能neng夠gou實shi現xian發fa電dian和he供gong熱re的de獨du立li運yun行xing，確que保bao了le電dian廠chang正zheng常chang發fa電dian工gong作zuo的de進jin行xing。
2調節抽氣式熱電循環模式的工作原理為了_大限度的實現對電廠產生餘熱的利用，下麵我們_以調節抽氣式熱電循環模式為例介紹其工作過程中的主要控製流程。①如果聯合係統中沒有熱負荷，抽氣閥處於關閉狀態，係統中實現低壓缸調節的閥門處於開啟狀態，確保了電廠中冷凝工作的正常進行。②如果係統中熱負荷較小，抽氣閥開啟的大小根據熱負荷需求情況進行控製，從而確保熱力用戶的正常需求。③如果係統中的熱負荷較大，抽氣閥和低壓缸的調節閥全部打開，設備工作在無節流狀態。④ruguoxitongzhongderefuhejinyibuzengjia，xitonghuizaijiangchouqifaquanbukaiqidetongshi，jiangdidiyagangtiaojiefadekaidu，congertigaoqijinqiliangdeduoshao，quebaoyonghunenggouhuodezugouderelianggongying。⑤為了實現電廠正常發電工作，和電廠產生餘熱的回收利用，在具體應用過程中需要設計冬季供暖循環係統、全quan年nian熱re水shui供gong應ying循xun環huan係xi統tong以yi及ji鍋guo爐lu回hui收shou加jia熱re係xi統tong，這zhe三san個ge係xi統tong在zai使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong既ji保bao持chi相xiang互hu獨du立li，又you相xiang互hu聯lian係xi。熱re電dian廠chang可ke以yi根gen據ju用yong戶hu負fu荷he的de需xu求qiu，實shi現xian對dui每mei個ge係xi統tong中zhong流liu量liang的de控kong製zhi。如ru在zai冬dong季ji可ke以yi關guan閉bi鍋guo爐lu回hui收shou加jia熱re係xi統tong，在zai夏xia天tian可ke以yi關guan閉bi供gong暖nuan係xi統tong。首shou先xian循xun環huan水shui吸xi收shou電dian廠chang發fa電dian產chan生sheng蒸zheng汽qi中zhong的de部bu分fen熱re量liang，使shi其qi溫wen度du處chu於yu30～45°C左右，然後循環水通過三通閥進入熱泵，提高進水口凝結水的溫度，使其重新循環到鍋爐房。
3餘yu熱re回hui收shou技ji術shu的de優you勢shi以yi及ji應ying用yong效xiao果guo將jiang發fa電dian廠chang產chan生sheng的de大da量liang熱re量liang進jin行xing供gong暖nuan，是shi一yi項xiang非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de節jie能neng降jiang耗hao技ji術shu，得de到dao了le發fa電dian廠chang的de廣guang泛fan關guan注zhu，該gai技ji術shu的de應ying用yong具ju有you如ru下xia幾ji個ge方fang麵mian的de優you勢shi。
3.1節(jie)省(sheng)熱(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產(chan)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)餘(yu)熱(re)回(hui)收(shou)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)直(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)於(yu)居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)活(huo)供(gong)暖(nuan)，無(wu)需(xu)在(zai)重(zhong)新(xin)進(jin)行(xing)換(huan)熱(re)戰(zhan)的(de)建(jian)設(she)，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)節(jie)省(sheng)了(le)熱(re)電(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)設(she)備(bei)和(he)廠(chang)房(fang)的(de)投(tou)入(ru)，另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)還(hai)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)人(ren)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)支(zhi)出(chu)。
3.2安裝方便餘熱回收技術中，其供水溫度一般保持在70°Czuoyou，guandaodepengzhanglvjiaodi，nenggoujiangyongyureliangshusongdeguandaomaishezaidixia，bimianlechuantongreliguandaozaikongzhongjiashedebiduan，quebaolechengshijingguandemeihua。tongshizaiguandaoanzhuangguochengzhong，keyigenjujiedaodeguihuaqingkuangjinxingdixiagongshuiguandaodesheji，xingchengyigewanzhengdegonghuishuiguanwang，jiangdichengquzhonghuanrezhandeshuliang。gonghuishuiguanwangkeyicongjiedaozhongzhijiejierugegezhuzhaixiaoqu，fangbianyonghureliangdeshiyong。
3.3運行安全性和_性較高餘熱回收係統中采用了閉式循環模式，隻有熱電廠不存在安全隱患，_能neng夠gou確que保bao供gong暖nuan係xi統tong的de正zheng常chang運yun行xing，且qie整zheng個ge熱re力li供gong應ying不bu受shou該gai地di區qu停ting電dian或huo者zhe停ting水shui現xian象xiang的de影ying響xiang。另ling外wai用yong戶hu在zai使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong可ke以yi根gen據ju自zi己ji的de需xu求qiu調tiao整zheng其qi所suo需xu熱re量liang的de多duo少shao，實shi現xian對dui室shi內nei溫wen度du的de有you效xiao控kong製zhi，確que保bao室shi內nei環huan境jing的de_性。改造之前，某城區全部使用汽水換熱器進行工段，通過對其曆史數據信息的計算，原供暖係統每年需要為用戶提供108435t的熱蒸汽量。經過餘熱回收改造之後，該城區每年能夠節電406t，節煤13311t。tongguoyurehuishoujishudegaizao，chengqugongnuanxitongzhongshebeishuliangdedaolemingxianjiangdi，shixianlegongnuanxitongweixiusuoxuyaoderengongheshebeichengbendetourudejiangdi。tongshiyurehuishoujishudeyingyonghaitigaolegongreguanwangdeshiyongshouming，jiejuelechuantonggongnuanxitongcunzaidelengrebujunwenti，yonghushineiwenduhegelv_過了95%，避免了人為因素導致的供暖係統中水量的減少。另外通過計算，餘熱回收技術的應用每年能夠為熱力公司降低13530t煤(mei)炭(tan)的(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)熱(re)力(li)公(gong)司(si)的(de)燃(ran)煤(mei)成(cheng)本(ben)，同(tong)時(shi)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)護(hu)。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，采(cai)用(yong)餘(yu)熱(re)回(hui)收(shou)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)行(xing)熱(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產(chan)改(gai)造(zao)具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)可(ke)觀(guan)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)效(xiao)益(yi)。3.4具有較高的環保性由於餘熱回收過程中采用的技術不需要消耗_能量，也不會產生_wuran，zhishiyigenengliangdezhuanhuanguocheng。yincigaijishudecaiyongjuyoujiaogaodehuanbaoxingneng，erqiehainenggoujiangdidianchanghereligongsidanduyunxingguochengzhongranmeichanshengdeeryanghuatanqitiyijiqitayouhaiqitihuidaqihuanjingzaochengdeyingxiang。danshiyouyuchengshimianjidebuduankuozhanhechengquyonghushuliangdebuduanzengjia，duigongnuanliangdexuqiubuduanzengjia，xianjieduanredianchangmianlinzhefeichangyanzhongderelianggongyingbuzuwenti，yingxianglechengshigongredezhiliang。redianchangchanshengdezhengqisuiranhanyoujiaodadereliang，danshiqigenhuanjingwenduxiangchajiaoxiao，yincizaiyurehuishouguochengzhongruhejiangzhebufennengliangjinxingzailiyongshiredianchangshouxianyaojiejuedewenti。jiyaobimianzhengqizhijiepaifangdaohuanjingzaochengdehuanjingwuran，youyaobimianreliangtiquzaochengdenengyuanlangfei。4結(jie)語(yu)隨(sui)著(zhe)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)，能(neng)源(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)製(zhi)約(yue)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。傳(chuan)統(tong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)電(dian)廠(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)大(da)量(liang)熱(re)量(liang)直(zhi)接(jie)排(pai)放(fang)到(dao)大(da)氣(qi)中(zhong)，居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)活(huo)所(suo)需(xu)熱(re)量(liang)通(tong)過(guo)燃(ran)煤(mei)方(fang)式(shi)供(gong)應(ying)，不(bu)論(lun)是(shi)那(na)種(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)都(dou)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)浪(lang)費(fei)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)汙(wu)染(ran)，不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足(zu)當(dang)前(qian)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhe)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)日(ri)益(yi)激(ji)烈(lie)，希(xi)望(wang)通(tong)過(guo)采(cai)用(yong)_的餘熱回收技術，將電廠排放蒸汽中的熱量進行重新回收，用於居民生活供熱，進而實現電廠和熱力企業的生產成本的降低。本文主要_餘熱回收技術的原理和熱量回收模式進行分析，給出了餘熱回收技術的優勢和經濟效益，為熱電廠的可持續發展提供了參考依據。
